Gender inequality and political participation in nigeria pdf

The main objective of the paper therefore is to investigate the problem of gender inequality in employment in nigeria. The results of the various elections held in nigerian showed that gender equality in political participation still lags behind. Womens participation and the political process in nigeria. Countries with increased womens participation and leadership in civil society and political parties tend to be more inclusive, responsive, egalitarian, and democratic. Aug 03, 2019 gender inequality especially in the political arena is a serious challenge being faced by women in kaduna state. Abstract this study investigates the factors that limit womens participation in nigeria s politics using as a case study, the period between 1999 and 2007, with emphasis on lagos states. As for subsaharan african region, the results showed that there was a positive, albeit weak, correlation between good governance and gender equality. The present paper investigates the gender gap in african political participation. The aim of the study was to basically know the major causes of gender inequality in nigeria. Levels of female participation and representation in nigerian politics are low. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.

The burgeoning field of gender and political behavior shows that the way in which ordinary citizens connect to the democratic process is gendered. Introduction gender inequality especially in the political arena is a serious challenge being faced by women in recent times. Can gender inequality in political participation be explained by individual observable characteristics, such as women being less educated and knowledgeable about the. Idisi abstract 1african development bank, 8 lake chad crescent, maitama, abuja 2faculty of agriculture, university of abuja, nigeria corresponding authors email. There exist a wide range of inequality between men and women in attaining certain positions in nigeria.

Without their participation in the public discourse or decision making process, it would be difficult for ghana to achieve sustainable development. Gender inequalities in political participation remain an important part of democracys unresolved dilemma of unequal participation lijphart 1997. Download complete project seminar research material on gender inequality and women participation in politics. Gender inequality has been an issue for several centuries, the world over. Reasons why women should not be equal with men are shown in figure 3. For example, a recent report by the daily independent supports this viewpoint in its headline. This gender bias in nigerias political system is often traced to the onset of colonialism in nigeria. Among these factors are socioeconomic development, the.

In nigeria, in spite of the several womens rights outlined in the 1999 constitution, many women do not enjoy the same freedom as men, particularly in the fields of education, economic empowerment and political participation. This can be attributed to patriarchy or male dominance which is a key aspect of the ghanaian social. Strengthening womens rights and political participation u. But there is no strong evidence that inequalities of political participation among citizens have worsened as economic inequality has spiraled. Gender, participation, politics, democracy, nigeria. Conclusions and recommendations 31 recommendations 32. Figure 2a plots the ratio of the male and female labor force participation rates versus gdp per capita. Therefore, while the term gender refers to men and women, for the purpose of this presentation, gender refers to the condition of women in. Gender relations in nigerias democratic governance core. The bulk of the literature on gender and political behavior focuses on the united states, and most of the crossnational research is limited to western, industrialized nations. Oloyede oluyemi national bureau of statistics nbs, abuja, nigeria abstract nigeria has been recording low participation of women in both elective and appointive positions. The main objective of the paper therefore is to investigate the problem of gender inequality in employment in nigeria, specifically decent employment. Sociodemographic predictors of political participation among. Education from a gender equality perspective with final.

This masters thesis seeks to shed light on the general connection between good governance and gender equality. Globally, nigeria ranks 181st out of 193 countries. In contemporary elections, women tend to support leftist parties more than. Gender inequality and rolestrained among male nursing. For example, in sokoto state, 81% of the population is poor, while poverty incidence is much lower, at 34%, in niger. Womens political participation a catalyst for gender. An analysis of gender inequality and national gender. The problem of gender inequality is an issue that bothers most countries especially in the developing countries. But when both principles of popular control and equality between citizens are realized, then democracy and gender equality are both maximizedand society is on a much better path. Nigeria nigeria has a national gender policy that focuses on women empowerment while also making a commitment to eliminate discriminatory practices that are harmful to women. But this small piece of good news is tempered by the role of immigration and naturalization policies in enhancing political inequality among americas residents. For these reasons a great deal of research has been devoted to evaluating gender gaps in political participation. Women constitute more than half of ghanas population 51.

Education and gender inequality in nigeria have focused on a variety of physical, social, and cognitive contexts. Gender and political behavior oxford research encyclopedia. Figure 4 indicates the religious belief why there cant be gender equality. Of these roles mentioned, the last has been engendered by women movements attributed to historical gender discrimination and inequality. The first two chapters attempt to provide one possibility for understanding womens rights conditions in middle east, north africa mena and subsaharan africa through the theory of governance.

The facts the 1999 constitution of nigeria prohibits discrimination on the grounds of gender, but customary and religious laws continue to restrict womens rights, as nigeria is a federal republic, each state has the authority to draft its own legislation. Strengthening womens rights and political participation. It shapes ones participation in society and in the economy. Though history has it that fewer women have been in power even before colonialism. Background of the study a nation that is not engendered is endangered. Women participation in politics and gender equality in. Democracy, womens political participation and the policy. Ways in which women causes insecurity in nigeria are shown in figure 5. Nigerian peoples perspectives about gender equality are shown in figure 1a and figure 1b. In spite of the extensive discussions in various conferences, academic debate and fora the issue of gender imbalance and poor women participation in politics is still very low.

Empowering women and girls for shared prosperity, the world banks. Gender equality, gender inequality, and gender complementarity 224 nigeria with a population of over 30 million and have featured prominently in nigerian politics both as individuals and as a group. The most likely action to be seen is continued training and education for society as a whole, mainly targeting women. In recent years, popular media and researchers have given attention to gender inequality and education campbell and sanders 1997. A sexist and patronagebased political culture, combined with gendered economic and household inequalities, are seen to be the main barriers to womens participation in governance. Strengthening womens rights and political participation women have the right to participate in political processes that affect them, their families, and their societies. Gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls in. Instances are the queen of daura, the sarauniya of zazzau in pre jihad, the angwu tsi who was almost the counterpart. In the light of the above, this paper critically analyze the issues of gender inequality giving emphases to the issue of the concept gender, the rationale behind national gender policy, situation analysis and framework, guiding principles of the national gender policy and above all, the critical areas of gender gap. Monitoring participation of women in politics in nigeria paper presented by mrs. Thus the western cultural notion of colonialism woven around male superiority reflected in their relations with nigerians. Nigeria of other ethnic groups and interalia, gender olojede, 2009.

Problems and prospects damilola taiye agbalajobi department of political science, college of management sciences, redeemers university run, p. Therefore, while the term gender refers to men and women, for the purpose of this presentation, gender refers to the condition of women in the context of african societies. Educating females and males produces similar increases in their subsequent earnings and expands future opportunities and choices for both boys and girls. Gender inequality and women participation in agricultural.

In patriarchal societies like nigeria, men have ultimate authority over material resources in the household, such as land and cash crops, and over the. At the same time, countries vary substantially in the size of these gender gaps. Abstract this study investigates the factors that limit womens participation in nigerias politics using as a case study, the period between 1999 and 2007, with emphasis on lagos states. Keywords gender equality, women and girls, national security 1. Gender inequality and women participation in politics2011 general election in nigeria is a complete project materials from chapter one to five with reference and abstract. Nigerian women, politics and the national identity question eric. Political participation is good for democracy, but all democracies are plagued by systematic inequalities in participation lijphart 1997. Unfortunately, their participation at all levels of decision making is very low.

A conceptual framework conceptually, sex and gender are separate categories of the human condition. Gender inequalities and women participation in politics chapter one introduction background of the study gender inequality has been an issue for several centuries, the world over. Political participation, politics, gender inequality, sexism, women in nigeria. Education from a gender equality perspective 1 executive summary education is universally acknowledged to benefit individuals and promote national development. But when both principles of popular control and equality between citizens are realized, then democracy and gender equality are both maximizedand society is on a much better path to development, security, and human rights. However, significant gender gaps in education, economic empowerment and political participation remain in nigeria. Genderbased violence an analysis of the implications for. Department of industrial relations and public administration, lagos state university ojo, lagos, nigeria email. Pdf political participation is a voluntary act which encompasses wide range of political activities, including. Gender discrimination is rejection or restriction made on the basis of socially constructed gender roles. Jan 23, 2017 women constitute more than half of ghanas population 51. Gender differences in voting behavior and participation rates persist across democracies. Is the higher level of gender inequality explained by. This gender bias in nigeria s political system is often traced to the onset of colonialism in nigeria.

Gender inequality and rolestrained among male nursing students in selected nursing institution, lagos, nigeria florence f. Political participation, politics, gender inequality, sexism, women in. Gender inequality and women participation in agricultural development in nigeria 1yemisi grace mtsor and 2p. It is against this background that this paper examines the history of womens participation in politics in nigeria, the legal framework for the promotion and protection of womens rights in the country, the implications of gender parity for the domestication of international treaties protecting womens rights and what could be done to achieve. One of the most persistent has been according to gender, such that women are found to participate less than men, and suggesting that half the populations interests are less well represented andersen 1975. Figure 2 shows different professions nigerian women in various sectors.

Gender gaps in political participation across subsaharan. Political participation is a voluntary act which encompasses wide range of political activities, including voting at election, contesting for political and party offices, attending political rallies, joining political parties and many more. Impact of traditional and new social media on womens engagement with democratic processes 23 5. An analysis of gender inequality and national gender policy. The authors adopted both conceptual and theoretical analysis of issues on political participation and. The roots of gender inequality in developing countries. Womens participation in nigerian politics can be useful in raising issues of infant. Regional inequality is high in nigeria, and it translates into higher rates of poverty in the northwestern states of the country. We also suggested strategies to ensure gender equality in all sectors in nigeria. As a result, gender inequality is a characteristic of most societies, with males on average better positioned in social, economic, and political hierarchies. It contends that the attainment of gender equality is not only an end itself in realising human right issues, but as a prerequisite for the achievement of sustainable. Gender inequality has been a topical issue in academic debate in nigeria. Nigerian politics is one of the areas in dire need of genderfocused inclusion. The paper is a foray of issues in gender inequality in nigeria with a view to proffering solutions.

Women are believed to have an exciting political prospect in nigeria. Despite the eagerness to resolve it, this problem still linger on. In short, women participation in nigerian politics is a topic of importance. Challenges to women involvement in nigerias development fapohunda, tinuke, m. Problems and prospects, african journal of political science and international relations, 42 pp 7582. Gender inequality especially in the political arena is a serious challenge being faced by women in kaduna state. These two papers with their investigation of linkage between gender. In the light of the above, this paper critically analyze the issues of gender inequality giving emphases to the issue of the concept gender, the rationale behind national gender policy, situation analysis and framework, guiding principles of the national. Gender equality, politics, women, electoral process, patriarchal, political activist and political participation. The issue of inequality has therefore been perceived by different people especially the women folk as an attempt to erode their fundamental rights. For instance, the 2011 general election, women occupied only 9 seats out of the 109 senate seats while out of the 352 seats in the house of representative, only 24 seats are occupied by women. The statement of the problem therefore, is the issue of economic disadvantage which might have impacted negatively on the womens participation in the 2011 general election in kaduna state.